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At the time when Soviet Union launched
Sputnik-I, the first satellite in 1957, the ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)
was created in United States. Later ARPA was renamed to DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) in
1972.
ARPANET, the first internet, was the first wide area packet switching network
developed by IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office) with the sponsorship
of DARPA and went into live in October, 1969.
The first communication was between
the University of California and the Stanford Research Institute.
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The initial goal of ARPANET was developing
a network for enabling communication among research computers in various universities.
As the data can be routed to many directions, even if there is any damage to some
parts of the network, it can function without fail.
NCP (Network Control Program)
was the first networking protocol used on the ARPANET. Later TCP/IP came into existence
and replaced NCP in 1983 which became very popular.
ARPANET was later transferred to the
NSFNET (National Science Foundation NET) in 1990 and then it is connected to the
CSNET (Computer Science Network) linking North American Universities and EUNET (European
Network) linking Europe research facilities.
This led to the wide use of Internet and so in 1995 the government
of United States handed over the management to independent organizations. Soon it became what it
is today: accessible to millions of people around the world but not controlled by
any one organization or a person today.
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